Specifically, first, we depicted the line alignment and station design problems within the political and financial context. We found the current lack of integration with the city cannot be understood from previous station design analysis. We need to examine the design choice under financial constraints using China loans and professed modernity needs of the Ethiopian developmental state. We also need to understand the metro development model in China, as the Chinese contractors could provide remediation if they had the know-how.  Second, we analysed Ethiopia’s actions and motivations in the management contract design and implementation, which took up by Shenzhen Metro Cooperation. It was an operation and maintenance service contract, emphasising staff training and knowledge transfer to Ethiopia. The recipient state has substantial control of the cooperation. However, the results might be not as what Ethiopia expected. Third, we reflected on interactions between China and Ethiopia project actors under BRI, which has become the fundamental concept of China’s foreign policy. Based on this, we discussed the long-term impact and sustainability of AALRT and China’s BRI infrastructure building in Africa.

What happens next in Addis Ababa will greatly interest scholars and recipients of BRI projects and loans. We argue that BRI may bring infrastructure to developing countries. The multiple interests being served and resultant dynamics at each project stage should be factored in when understanding BRI and evaluating its success.